Study on Side Effects among Three-Month Injectable Contraceptive Users in Kupang, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Abstract Views: 15
PDF Downloads: 6
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Three-month injectable contraception (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/DMPA) is one of the most widely used hormonal contraceptive methods in Indonesia, including in the working area of Puskesmas Sikumana, Kupang City, although its use is often accompanied by various side effects. A preliminary study of 10 acceptors found that 40% experienced menstrual disturbances, 30% experienced weight gain, 20% experienced vaginal discharge, and 10% experienced headaches.
Objective: This study aimed to describe the occurrence of side effects among three-month injectable contraceptive acceptors at Puskesmas Sikumana, Kupang City.
Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all three-month injectable contraceptive acceptors registered between January and December 2025, totaling 47 people, all of whom were included as the sample through total sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire, analyzed univariately, and presented as frequency distributions.
Results: Of the 47 respondents, the majority experienced menstrual disturbances (39 people, 83.0%), weight gain (34 people, 72.3%), headaches (29 people, 61.7%), and vaginal discharge (26 people, 55.3%). The most commonly experienced side effect was menstrual disturbance, reflecting the direct effect of the progesterone hormone in DMPA on the menstrual cycle.
Conclusions: the majority of three-month injectable contraceptive acceptors at Puskesmas Sikumana experienced side effects in various forms, so health workers are encouraged to strengthen comprehensive counseling and periodic monitoring in order to detect and address complaints as early as possible.
Article Details
References
Andriani, N., Supriyati, & Dewi, R. K. (2022). The relationship between DMPA injectable contraceptive use and pathological vaginal discharge among family planning acceptors in Palembang City. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 13(3), 201–210.
Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional [BKKBN]. (2024). Indonesian family planning statistics report. BKKBN.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Kupang. (2024). Population and family planning statistics of Kupang City. BPS Kota Kupang.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. (2024). Population and family planning statistics of East Nusa Tenggara Province. BPS Provinsi NTT.
Djauharoh. (2023). Family planning program and population growth control. Universitas Bhakti Kencana repository.
Fransisca, L., Darmawati, J., & Adriani, A. (2023). The relationship between Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate injectable contraceptive use and menstrual cycle among family planning acceptors. Jurnal Kesehatan Abdurahman, 12(1), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.55045/jkab.v12i1.164
Hidayanti. (2024). The relationship between duration of three-month injectable contraceptive use and menstrual disturbance among DMPA acceptors at PMB Eka Rizki Kurniati, Tulang Bawang. The Shine: Cahaya Dunia Ners.
Hidayat, A. A. (2008). Research methods in midwifery and data analysis techniques. Salemba Medika.
Husaidah, S., Ariani, D., & Yuliana, R. (2023). Changes in menstrual patterns among Depot-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) injectable contraceptive acceptors: A review of endometrial histopathology. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi Indonesia, 4(1), 45–54.
Juniastuti, et al. (2023). The impact of long-term hormonal contraceptive use. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Mandira Cendikia.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Indonesia health profile 2024. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Maria. (2020). Side effects of DMPA injectable contraception. Jurnal Photon (Universitas Jambi).
Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Health research methodology. Rineka Cipta.
Nuari, M. F., Yuliati, L., & Wijayanti, I. T. (2024). Determinants of weight gain in Depo-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) injectable contraceptive users. Indonesian Journal of Professional Nursing (IJPN), 5(2).
Pratiwi, E. D., & Rahmawati, A. Y. (2022). Physiological mechanisms of progesterone injectable contraceptive side effects on the female reproductive system. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi.
Salsabilla, O. P., Irawati, D., et al. (2024). Case report on DMPA contraceptive acceptors with side effects. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 3(4), 641–648.
Sugiyanti. (2023). Menorrhagia in women of reproductive age. Jurnal Locus Riviera Publishing.
Susilowati. (2023). Advantages and disadvantages of three-month injectable contraception. Media Neliti.
Tamia, W., & Fauziah, S. (2025). Factors associated with weight gain among injectable contraceptive acceptors. Jurnal Kesehatan Medika Suherman, 3, 28–34.
Wardani, R. P., Oktaviani, S., & Fitriani, L. (2023). Neurobiological mechanisms of headache in hormonal contraceptive acceptors: The role of serotonin, estrogen, and the trigeminovascular system. Jurnal Neurologi dan Kebidanan, 5(2), 78–89.
Wuri. (2023). Mechanism of action of progestin injectable contraceptives. Repository Universitas Medika Suherman.